English summary of the 2 number of volume 48 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Examination of Textbook Vocabulary and Characters in the Field of Cultivation
Author: Makoto YOSHIDA Makoto FUKUDA Tatefumi KASHIOKA Takehisa YOSHIDA

題目：教科書の用語・用字調査　−技術とものづくり（栽培）−
著者：吉田　誠・福田　誠・樫岡　健史・吉田　武尚

The purpose of this study was to find objective characteristics of the writing in textbooks for junior high school, through statistical analysis of the characters and vocabulary of two textbooks (Kairyudo Publishing Co. Ltd. and Tokyo Shoseki Co. Ltd.) presently in use in Technology and Home Economics classes in the field of cultivation.
Sentences of each publishers' texts were classified into seven items and a database was made. Using this database, the various characters were put under quantitative and morphological analysis and classified using character and vocabulary level checking according to the Japanese language proficiency test into four levels of difficulty. We came to the conclusion that while length of sentences, character inclusion percentages and vocabulary difficulty were appropriate, Chinese character understanding would require 2nd level Japanese language proficiency test ability.

. Key words : characteristic of textbook, reseach on vocabulary and characters, morphological analysis

Title: Design of a Step-Down Switching Power Supply Without Smoothing Sondenser
Author: Kiyonobu KUSANO

題目：平滑コンデンサを有しない降圧形スイッチング電源の設計
著者：草野　清信

A method is presented here for designing a simple step-down switching power supply composed of a resistor, coil, diode and transistor. For this purpose, we first present theoretical formulas for the output voltage (Vrip) and the ripple voltage (Vrip). We then theoretically analyze the step-down process of the output voltage and clarify the transient time necessary for it to reach a state of equilibrium.
Based on these results, design formulas for the switching frequency (f) and the inductance (L) of the coil are proposed as follows-f> (500/(XY)) (Rmax/Rmin) 100Rmax/(fX)< L < YRmin/5 where Y(s) is the transient time, Rmin and Rmax are, respectively, the minimum and maximum resistances of the load, and X(%) = 100(Vrip/VR1).

Key words : Step-down switching power supply, Approximate solution of the output voltage, Approximate solution of the ripple voltage, Theoretical analysis of the transient time, Design of power supply

Title: Development and Evaluation of Technology Education Through the Subject Matter of Four-legged Walk
Author: Yosuke lTO Hironori KAKIUCHI Kei OIZUMI Akira KIKUCHI

題目：四足歩行を題材とする技術教育の構築と評価
著者：伊藤　陽介・垣内　洋範・大泉　計・菊地　章

It is widely recognized that walking robots are anticipated for the daily-living environment because of recent rapid improvements in mechatoronics technology. This study aims to develop and evaluate technology education through the subject matter of four-legged walk and evaluate its educational value. A dog-type robot capable of four-legged walk and educational software were used and practical classroom education according to projected educational guidelines were taken into consideration.
The students who learned through this program had their interest in the mechanics and behavior of four-legged walk raised and observed the motions around them from a technical point of view. They were able to realize the model of four-legged walk by observing walking motion based on a specific gait, and through the activities of creating experimental walking patterns were able to understand the technology which makes the robot walk. Evaluation results of educational effectiveness were based on pre- and post-class questionnaires and on observation of students' activities and showed the achievement of previously established goals and revealed the high effectiveness of technology education through use of the four-legged walking subject matter.

Key words* technology education, walking motion, four-legged walk, dog-type robot, walking pattern

Title: Development of a Wind Turbine Generator for Energy Conversion Learning
Author: Masayoshi KATO

題目：エネルギー変換学習用風力発電機の開発
著者：加藤　正義

The purpose of this study was to develop a wind turbine generator for energy conversion learning, and to present concrete learning content when used on the education site. The author first designed and made an experiment apparatus consisting of a wind turbine generator and a torque measurement device. The generator is driven by a three-blade propeller wind turbine. The torque measurement device serves to indicate the power that the wind turbine receives from the wind. The power is expressed as the product of the torque and the rotation speed. A series of experiments and observations clarified the delivery of energy from the wind to turbine and its transmission to the dynamo. In addition, the dynamo revealed the conversion characteristics of mechanical energy to electric energy.

Key words : Wind Turbine Generator, Teaching Material, Energy Conversion, Torque, Power

Title: A Study on the Characteristics of Resistance of a Blunt End Aft Object - Development and testing of new experimental method for scale effect evaluation -
Author: Yoshikazu KUSUNOKI Tadao YAMANO Fumivasu KURATANI Takenori OGAWA

題目：プラントな後端を持つ物体の後端による抵抗の特性に関する研究 −尺度影響検証のための新しい実験方法の開発とそれによる検証−
著者：楠　芳一・山野　惟夫・鞍谷　文保・小川　武範

The authors used a ship with a transom stern as a blunt end object and have been conducting studies to clarify the characteristics of blunt end resistance. The results of the studies have clarified by theoretical calculations that the resistance has a scale effect and in this paper, aiming to experimentally evaluate the theoretical study result, the authors clarified the scale effect of the water flow due to the transom stern end and based on this clarification designed a series of model ships different from those heretofore used. Using these new ships we developed a new experimental method of evaluation. We conducted model experiments of the new method and as a result, have confirmed that theoretically estimated scale effects of remaining following waves and forward-oriented waves breaking just behind a transom stern, which are the root of the resistance, qualitatively agree with experimental results.

Key words: blunt aft end, transom stern, remaining following waves, forward-oriented breaking waves, clarification of resistance characteristics, scale effect, experimental method of evaluation, experimentally evaluate.

Practical Paper

Title: Class Lesson on Plastics Using a hand-made plunger-type injection molding machine
Author: Hiraku ABIKO Akinobu ANDO Hidevuki MORITA Sintaro SAKAMOTO

題目：プランジャ型射出成形機モデルを活用したプラスチックの授業
著者：安孫子　啓・安藤　明伸・森田　秀幸・坂本　新太郎

Plastic was taken up used as a study theme for activities in technology and home economics classes of the Technology and Manufacturing curriculum. The class was structured in four blocks of 50 minutes each and designed to provide complete learning about plastics with an understanding of the flow from manufacturing, through processing and disposal, to recycling.
A plunger-type injection molding machine, hand-made using a mortising machine, and two original videos were used as teaching materials. The class included aspects of environmental education through the making of a relief using biodegradable plastic and through the making and recycling of a molded object from polypropylene with the hand-made injection molding machine.

Key words : hand-made plunger type injection molding machine, video teaching material, environmental education, biodegradable plastic

Title: Development of a Remote-control System for Mindstorms and its Application to an Actual Robot-Contest Style Lesson
Author: Hiroshi Morioka Risa KAMIMURA Yasuhiro AKIMOTO Sinnosuke MORI Hiroyuki SHIRAHAMA Masato OKA

題目：マインドストームのための遠隔操作装置（リモコン）の開発とそれを用いたロボットコンテストの授業実践
著者：森岡　弘・上村　梨紗・秋本　泰宏・森　慎之助・白濱　弘幸・岡　正人

The authors examined a teaching method for technology education classes in junior high school using a robot-contest theme. As teaching material Lego's "Mindstorms" - a trial-and-error based, educational robot construction and programming kit - was used. A common request from students concerning autonomous Mindstorms robots has been for the development of a remote control system.
In this paper, we report on the development of such a remote control system using the on-board infrared communication function in an RCX brick (programmable microcontroller unit). And as well, we examine the effectiveness of the proposed remote control system through an actual robot-contest style lesson.
With the introduction of a remote control system, it became possible to construct robots capable of complex motions that were difficult to control in autonomous robots and we were able to show a new method of utilizing a Mindstorms robot-contest as a teaching material.

Key words : Robot-contest, Infrared transmission, Remote control, Mindstorms, PIC

Title: Application and Improvement of Car Models Using TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Wire as a Teaching Material for Junior High School Technology and Manufacturing Classes
Author: Yasuhiro MATSUNAGA Kentaro YUMOTO Hitomi MOKUTANI Yoshiaki OZAWA Satoru KONUMA

題目：中学校「技術とものづくり」における形状記憶合金を用いた教材用エンジンカーの改良と実践
著者：松永　泰弘・湯本　健太郎・杢谷　仁・小津　慶晃・小沼　暁

The authors had previously developed car models using TiNi (titanium nitride) shape memory alloy wire as a teaching material and carried out practical teaching for elementary school students. In this study, with junior high school level classes in mind, we increased the technical element to improve the car performance and supplemented areas that were difficult for elementary level students concerning work load and the study of shape memory alloy and engine operating principles. Further we investigated the effectiveness of using shape memory alloy as an energy conversion teaching material.

Key words : TiNi (Titanium Nitride) Shape Memory　Alloy, Engine, Teaching Materials for Manufacturing, Operating Principlse