English summary of the 4 number of volume 47 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Development of an Intranet Self-Check Learning System in Handsaw Operation
Author: Mitsugu YASUDA, Masaaki NISHI

題目：インターネットを活用した鋸挽き作業の自己確認教材の開発
著者：安田　貢・西　正明

It is thought that in Junior High Technology and Homemaking courses an important point is to have students become aware of the relationship between their cutting technique (posture) and the resulting cut. For this study an motion comparison viewing system was devised whereby student were able to immediately self-check their handsaw cutting postures class and its effectiveness was examined. By means of Common Gateway Interface (CGI) students recorded their cutting technique (posture) through a computer connected USB video camera, DivX encoded the video data and registered to an Intranet server database. Previously recorded model videos were viewed side by side with recordings of their own individual technique and students themselves were able to easily make comparisons. A survey was conducted concerning cutting techniques from classes before and after implementation of the system. Further, the survey was conducted with classes wherein the system had not been implemented and through a comparison of the survey results the usefulness of the system and its effectiveness in learning were examined.

Key words : Handsaw Cutting, Intranet Self-check Learning System, Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Animation Comparison Viewing System, USB Video Camera

Title: Development of a Junior-Patent Database System for Junior High School Robot Contests
Author: Hiroyuki MURAMATSU, Yasuhiro TSUCHIDA, Tadashi INAGAKI

題目：中学校ロボットコンテストにおけるJr特許データベースシステムの開発
著者：村松浩幸・土田恭博・稲垣　忠

With the aim to enhance student creativity within the field of technology in Junior High School Technology and Home Economics courses, an in-school mock patent system was put in place. Students were able to register entitlement rights information on-line into the Junior-Patent Database System in cooperation with other participating schools. As a result of the systems implementation it was confirmed that 1) students were able to register and work communally through the system and, from investigation after the project, that 2) they themselves were aware of definite effects towards enhancement of creativity.

KEYWORDS: Robot Contests, Intellectual Property Rights, Database, In-school Patent System.

Title: A Comparison of Visual Cognition Across School-years in Text Reading on Visual Display Terminals Using Cathode Ray Tube
Author: Yumi YAMAGUCHI, Haruhisa YAMAGUCHI, Toshinobu KASAI

題目：CRTの学齢別VDTテキストリーディング視読認知特性
著者：山口有美・山口晴久・笠井俊信

As fundamental research for computer education in schools, this study's aim was to compare and analyze across thirteen levels of schooling (from elementary to university) the effects of text (font) size, monitor settings and font type in CRT VDT Visual Cognition. Tests were conducted for subjects at each scholastic level to con figure VDTs for ease of reading. Font size (10.5pt - 24pt), font type (Mincho and Gothic) and screen settings (background color and brightness) were altered as subjects read from texts and performance and visual cognition were analyzed across scholastic levels. The findings, inclusive offindings from our previous research, provide as yet unrecognized and useful knowledge towards designing education across its entire range, and pertain to the following: 1) the differences and similarities in Visual Cognition Properties between university students (adults) and pre-university students and 2) the differential curve of appropriate font size for VDT text reading across scholastic levels.

Keywords : Visual Display Terminals (VDT), Visual Cognition, Text Reading, Font Size, Font Type, Monitor Settings.

Title: Examination of Design Strategy and Organization of Educational Material Assessment Criteria for Digital Content in Technology Education
Author: Yasushi ICHIHARA, Jun MORIYAMA, Masashi MATUURA

題目：技術科教育におけるディジタルコンテンツに対する教材評価尺度の構成と設計方略の検討
著者：市原靖士・森山　潤・松浦正史

The purpose of this study was to formulate assessment criteria for educational materials of "Digital Content" used in instruction for Junior High School technology education. An initial survey (free opinion) and a follow-up survey (preliminary questionnaire) were conducted using eleven examples with digital content for use in instruction of "Technology and Manufacturing" and "Information and Computers" courses.
From the results of these surveys an assessment scale for educational materials of digital content was constructed, containing seventeen items divided into three areas based on Fl) Content Design F2) Explanation Design and F3) Media Design.
Through the examination of these factors and Guillemette's (1989) scale of "Documentation Effectiveness", fundamental relationships in material assessment strategies were revealed: the influence of Content Design on levels of detail and coherence, the influence of Explanation Design on trustworthiness and the influence of Media Design on enjoyability.

Key words : Technology Education, Digital Content, Educational Material Assessment, Design Strategy.

Practical Paper

Title: First Step Technology Education in "The Industrial Technical Foundation" at a Technical High School
Author: Hisaya YANAGIDA, Manabu HORIKAWA, Takanobu OYAMADA

題目：工業高校「工業技術基礎」における初歩技術教育について
著者：柳田久弥・堀川　学・小山田隆信

"Object-making" by using computers has been rapidly developed today. Therefore, even if the younger generation does not have skilled technology, it is said that "Object-making" can easily be made. But in fact, handmade business serves as an important point in its process. This paper shows not only the practical analysis on "The Industrial Technical Foundation" class at one of the technical high schools, but also the study of"Object-making" education by means of handmade business in the first step.
As a result, in "Object-making" education, it could be concluded that something most important is that teachers demonstrate intelligibly, teaching the preparation of keeping tools in order as well as the explanation of both the theory and handmade business.

Key words : "Object-making" education, "The Industrial Technical Foundation"

Case Study Paper

Title: Effects of Using CG in Design on Learning and Instruction
Author: Katsuhiko ISHIKAWA, Tsuyoshi HAYASHI, Ken ISHIKAWA, Yoshiaki KAWASHIMA

題目：CGを用いた構想に関する学習指導の効果
著者：石川克彦・林　剛・石川　賢・川島芳昭

Computer graphics (CG) were used as a teaching aid during the initial stages of designing a product in a Junior High School Technology and Manufacturing course. Students designed a Multi-Section Shelf Unit and CG software was used to move, transform and assemble the product's parts. To test the effects ofCG as an aid to instruction and learning, control groups developed their design from hand drawings and study groups used CG software. The control and study groups were further divided into groups with and without design experience. The resulting designs were evaluated from the viewpoint of function and structure. Those created using CG were considerably better in terms of function and structure than those drawn by hand. Comparison of results from hand drawing groups showed no significant difference between the experienced and inexperienced groups, however, for the groups using CG software, the experienced group produced considerably better designs.

Key Words: Technology and Manufacturing Education, Design, Computer Graphics, Learning and [nstruction.

Title: Models for Educational Content in Core Cutting Processing for Processing Technology Learning
Author: Tadashi OHTANI

題目：加工技術の学習を構成する切断加工の教育内容のモデル
著者：大谷　忠

As a preliminary step for optimization of the learning process, we examined processing technology and extracted an educational content model of the core process in independent learning. Past results of teaching material research were analyzed and fundamental elements in the learning of handsaw woodcutting processes were extracted. Analyzing these elements based on principle variables of the learning process, an educational content model of extrinsic execution in teaching material variables and of intrinsic manipulations in educational content was distilled. As for content in developmental variables, a model for educational content was distilled through consideration of body and hand development in woodcutting handsaw usage. Variables were set for goals in learning based on the educational content models of the above teaching materials and developmental variables and educational content models were distilled for content comprehension in respect to fundamental goals in the cutting process and for method comprehension in respect to higher level objectives.

Key words: Learning Process, Optimization, Processing Technology, Cutting Process, Educational Content Model.

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