English summary of the 3 number of volume 47 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Cultivation Studies in Elementary and Junior High Schools and Cognizance of Cultivation by University Students prior to a Lecture on Cultivation studies
Author: Hisami SASAKI, Yoshio NISHIUCHI

題目：栽培学習受講前の大学生が持つ栽培技能の認識と小・中学校における栽培学習
著者：佐々木久視・西内義男

The purpose of this study was to determine how accurately university students in a faculty of education remembered the fundamental skills involved in cultivation.
Questionnaires related to direct sowing, planting, and watering were carried out prior to any kind of lecture related to cultivation study. For example, fifty-one different procedures for direct sowing or planting were shown and students were required to select the correct ones ; for each of the two jobs, students answered correctly 40 percent of the time.
Students' knowledge level of first-half job procedures such as liming, compost spreading, and plowing was lower than that for latter-half job procedures such as direct sowing, covering with soil, planting, and watering. Also, there was significant correlation between the levels of understanding of watering actions and watering steps.
However, understanding of procedures did not correlate significantly with interest or experience in cultivation.

Keyword : university students in a faculty of education, cultivation studies in elementary and junior high schools, sowing procedures, planting procedures, proper watering

Title: Development and Efficiency Improvement of an Educational/Training Simulator for Lathe Operations
Author: Ziye LI, Takashi KABASAWA, Hua QIU, Hiroshi SANO

題目：旋盤操作技能教育・訓練用シミュレータの機能開発による性能改善
著者：黎　子椰・樺澤　崇・丘　華・佐野　浩

The goal of our research is to develop an educational/training simulator with virtual functions for lathe operations, hi a previous paper, we described a prototype simulator and discussed some techniques for creating a virtual operating environment. Taking into consideration the opinions of those who actually operated the prototype simulator, we radically remodeled both the hardw are and the software, hi this paper, we introduce the new functions developed and efficiency improvements. The new simulator uses Windows XP and its programs are coded in Visual Basic 6.0. resulting in greatly improved graphics and sound. A new feed driving system was developed allowing for new Junctions to be added: drilling, taper turning, cutting off. and facing. Safety training functions were added, too. All these new functions increase learning and training efficiency when using the simulator.

Keywords: simulator, virtual reality; lathe operation, training, metal machining training

Title: Development of a Balancing Toy Pendulum as a Tool for Studying Dynamics
-Motion Analysis and its Application to Design-
Author: Tetsuya YAMADA, Fumiyasu KURATANI

題目：動力学学習教材としてのやじろべえ型振り子の開発
-運動解析とその設計実習への応用-
著者：山田哲也・鞍谷文保

This paper proposes an efficient material for learning the dynamics of a rigid body as the first step in learning kinetic design and dynamics analysis. A balancing toy pendulum is introduced as a practical example ofa rigid body, and through motion analysis, design, and production of the pendulum, learners grasp the dynamics ofa rigid body. The formula for calculating the natural frequency of the pendulum is derived, and the natural period (the inverse of the natural frequency) as a feasible objective in the design and production is illustrated. Actual teaching using the pendulum and focusing on motion analysis, design, and production proves very effective in helping learners grasp the dynamics ofa rigid body, and the importance of analysis and design in manufacturing is highlighted.

Keywords: dynamics, rigid body, learning material, balancing toy pendulum, motion analysis, practice

Practical Paper

Title: An Analysis of a Lesson in Control and Programming Using Teaching Materials Related to Robotics
Author: Shinnosuke MORI

題目：ロボット教材を用いた制御・プログラミング学習の授業実践と作業分析
著者：森　慎之助

Robotics was chosen as a subject for teaching control and programming in a junior high school elective technology class. Students gradually gained understanding of basic concepts and exhibited independence forming groups and working together. Students were surveyed both before and after the lesson on their interest in and knowledge of robots, sensors and programming.
Results clearly showed that the lesson plan and teaching materials were effective not only in deeping students' understanding of robots, sensors and programming, but also in advancing their interest in them. Results also showed that analysis of the timeline for group activities and the amount of in-group behavior were, as well as questionnaires, useful methods for evaluating classes with activities.

Keywords: control and programming, robotics, learning effect, groupwork, behavior analysis

Title: Object-making Education: Making an Electric Cart for the Elderly and Disabled
Author: Kouki YAMAJI, Yoshio NOMURA

題目：高齢・障害者支援を目的とした知的移動台車システムの製作を通してのものづくり教育
著者：山路康貴・野村良雄

This paper describes the manufacture of an electric cart as a component in object-making education. A radio network terminal,image and speech recognition capability.automatic movement equipment.etc. are built into the cart, making it easy for the elderly and disabled to use.

Keywords: teaching-materials development, speech recognition, image recognition,automatic movement control, network,object-making education

Case Study Paper

Title: The Relation ship between Students' Perceptions of Technology Classes in Junior High School and their Experiences in Daily Life
Author: Akihito KITO, Jun MORIYAMA, Masashi MATSUURA

題目：中学校技術科の授業に対する意識と生活を工夫する経験との関連
著者：鬼藤明仁・森山　潤・松浦正史

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between junior high school students' perceptions of technology classes and the degree to which they use technology in their daily lives, particularly in regard to object-making and computers. Results indicated that students who perceived technology classes to be effective made opportunities for object-making and computers in their daily lives, (render differences were also observed. Boys' perceptoins of the effectiveness of object-making classes were influenced by the degree of pleasure they took in learning. On the other hand, girls' perceptions of the effectiveness of computer classes were influenced by their experience learning about computers with family or friends. The findings suggest that technology teachers should encurage students to develop a perception of classes that promotes effective learning.

Key Words : technology education, daily life, students' perception, object-making, computers

Title: Joint Research on Elective Technology Classes at Junior High Schools
-Efficient Use of Multi-media Teaching Materials and Power Tools-
Author: Yasunori KAWAI, Reisuke ITOH, Chutaro KATOH, Toshio NASU, Kazuya SEO

題目：中学校選択教科技術の授業の共同実践研究
-マルチメディア教材と電動工具の効果的な活用を目指して-
著者：河合康則・伊藤礼輔・加藤忠太郎・那須稔雄・瀬尾和哉

We carried outjoint research with thejunior high school affiliated with the Faculty of Education ofYamagata University. Our objective was to improve our multi-media teaching materials so as topromote more efficient use in actual technology classes. We gave classes at the junior high school with the idea in mind that our materials would be useful in helping students develop the abilityto directtheir own study. We identified crucial problems that need to be solved in order to use multi-media teaching materials and power tools effectively in junior high school technology classes.

Keywords: multi-media teaching materials, 2x4s, power tools, elective technology classes

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