English summary of the 1 number of volume 47 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Observation on Energy Conservation Education in Technical High Schools
Author: Nobuhiro NAGAO，Yakenori OGAWA

題目：工業高校における省エネルギー教育に関する一考察
著者：長尾伸洋，小川武範

This study analyzes the energy conservation contents in both Japanese national curriculum and current textbooks and examines energy-saving practices in neighborhood companies, with an eye to systematizing energy conservation education at technical high schools. The analysis indicates that energy conservation education is not systematized enough and that neighborhood companies desire a better energy conservation education system in technical high schools. Finally, proposals are made for improving the curriculum and energy conservation education at technical high schools.

Key word: Energy Conservation Education, Technical Education, Technical High Schools, Neighborhood companies, Systematization

Title: Development of Simplified High-voltage Generating Equipment for Instructional Use
Author: Hiroshi SHIRAHAMA

題目：簡易高電圧発生装置の開発と教材・教具化に向けて
著者：白�M博

In the field of electrical engineering, the study of high-voltage and discharge phenomena is unique.　Students tend not to like it. They are uncomfortable carrying out experiments with high-voltage　systems, they lose sight of the variety of applications, and they ultimately fail to see what is interesting about high-voltage and discharge phenomena. This is partly due to the heavy reliance on large, dangerous experiment systems to reinforce text theory. The author thinks that while some experience　with the huge systems ordinarily found in technical high schools is desirable and indispensable, the initial understanding of and experience with simple and small-capacity equipment.
This study, then, discusses the development of simple and small-capacity, spark-discharge generating　equipment and its introduction at the beginning level of technical high school instruction in high voltage. Specifically, the equipment proposed in this paper consists of pulse-generating circuits that can vary　discharge frequency, pulse-width-varying circuits for varying discharge energy, a pulse-amplifier,　high-voltage generating circuits with ignition　coils and switching devices, and a capacitor to stabilize　the discharge. In experiments, various forms of spark discharge, including beam-like spark discharge, were produced; observation of discharge could be carried out safely; and an approximate calculation of discharge energy could be made by observing waveform with an oscilloscope.　The equipment proved effective as a teaching tool for students studying high-voltage and discharge　phenomena.

Key word: high voltage, spark discharge, high-voltage generating equipment, ignition coil, teaching tool

Practical Paper

Title: An Analysis of Energy Education Classes Using Electric Motor Carts
Author: Koichi MIYASHITA，Shinya MATSUOKA，Masayasu NAGAMATSU

題目：電動カートを利用したエネルギー教育実践とその分析
著者：宮下晃一，松岡慎也，長松正康

In this study, a new program for energy education was developed and appropriate teaching tools were introduced. First, the opinions of industrial arts teachers were surveyed. Results showed that teachers were highly motivated to teach their students about energy but they were not satisfied with the present teaching conditions at schools. They felt that the amount of class time was insufficient and that there was neither an attractive program nor attractive teaching tools. In order to deal with these problems, a new program was developed centering on experiential study using an electric motor cart, photovoltaic cells, and a bicycle-driven power generator. Classes were carried out using these teaching tools. After the classes, image maps were produced of students' impressions, and based on these image maps, a questionnaire for students was developed. The effect of the program and students' interest in the teaching tools was then analyzed.

Key word: energy education, teaching tools. Practical experience, electric motor cat, photovoltaic, cells

Title: The Planning Stage of Making Objects
Author: Kimihito TAKENO

題目：ものづくり学習における計画の作成に関する授業実践
著者：岳野公人

This paper discusses how to teach the planning stage for making objects. It uses data illustrating students’ attitudes toward making objects, a questionnaire was used to analyze students’ attitudes toward planning.
The class taught students about planning, and students’ attitudes about the planning stage changed. Students learned valuable lessons about prior investigation, taxonomy, frameworks for planning, the plan itself, and making a pen case using corrugated cardboard.

Key word: planning stage, making objects, teaching class

Title: The Production of Bronze Mirrors as a Learning Activity in Object-making Classes
Author: Satoshi EMA，Taiki KIMURA

題目：ものづくり学習のための教材「銅鏡製作」について
著者：江馬諭，木村泰樹

Classes employing bronze mirror production were carried out, and students' interest and satisfaction levels, the practical possibilities of using the activity in elective classes, the appropriateness to the goals of the course of the study, and the appropriate grade level for such activity, were evaluated.? The following conclusions were reached: it is possible to carry out bronze mirror production in a one-semester elective course with about twenty students; not only can bronze mirror production teach students the technical aspects of casting but it can also enable them to feel the importance of the operations and pleasure in carrying them out; it is desirable for first-year students to experience and understand the importance of steady work and to feel a sense of achievement at having perfected a bronze mirror; it is desirable for second- and third-year students to learn the technical aspects of casting and to learn to take pleasure in overcoming difficulties that arise during procedures.

Key word: object-making, teaching material, actual classes, questionnaire, bronze mirror

Case Study Paper

Title: Abilities and Knowledge Required of Technology Education Teachers for Intellectual Property Education
Author: Isamu Yamamoto，Kouji Morikuri，Mikako Wakae

題目：技術･家庭科技術分野の教員として知的財産教育を行うに必要な能力・知識の検討
著者：山本勇，森栗晃史，若江三賀子

Various efforts are being made to create a nation rich in intellectual properties and to realize the　intellectual creativity of the nation, and it is accordingly important to develop human resources capable of promoting intellectual properties education.? The objective of this research is to develop a curriculum for training teachers in the fields of technology and home economics education so that they can carry out intellectual properties education.? Content and teaching methodology were proposed for an intellectual properties education course, an elective for students, at Ikeda Junior High School (affiliated with Osaka Kyoiku University)-and a teaching trial was carried out.? Based on the results, procedures were proposed for incorporating intellectual properties education into object-making education, and the abilities and knowledge necessary for teaching such classes were examined and discussed.? Eight suggestions are proposed, including teachers being able to explain to students everything related to intellectual property rights and policies.

Key word: technical areas within technology/home economics education, teacher training, intellectual property education, object-making education, creativity, sensitivity

Title: A Survey Related to Problems in Teaching the General Course Subject "Information Study" and Teaching Materials Aimed at Solving the Problems
YAuthor: oshio HANDA，Ken ISHIKAWA，Yoshiaki KAWASHIMA

題目：普通教科「情報」における学習指導上の課題とその改善のための教材についての意識調査
著者：半田好男，石川賢，川島芳昭

　In this study, teachers in Tochigi Prefecture with licenses to teach Information Study were surveyed in order to 1) clarify problems in teaching the General Course subject “Information Study” (IS) and 2) identify teaching materials for solving the problems. The areas of the IS (IS-A, IS-B, IS-C) content outlined in the high school course of study that were most often identified as ones with "many problems" were A(2)i ("Expression adequate for conveying and sharing information"), B(3)a, and C(3)a, respectively. The need for development of teaching materials was expressed for the areas A(2)u ("Problems in gathering and conveying information"), A(3)a, and A(3)i in IS-A. Specific problems in the areas and teaching materials for solving them were clearly identified.

Key word: high-school education, general course subject "information study", teaching/learning, teaching materials development, survey

Commentary

Title: The Trend of Technology Education in China
Author: Ping YANG，Ziye LI

題目：中国における技術教育の新しい動き
著者：楊萍，黎子椰

To pave the way for social systems of the 21st century, compulsory educational reform is underway in China-with an emphasis on the quality of education. As a way of reversing the tendency merely to cram knowledge and facts in the minds of students, an integrated practical activities approach has been introduced. Research Study, Local Community Service and Social Practice, Labor and Technology Education, and Information Technology Education have been laid out as new compulsory subjects introduced from the third grade of elementary school. This report deals with a field survey related to Labor and Technology Education, and Information Technology Education; it outlines the historical background, educational goals, curriculum content, practical implementation, teacher training, and recent trials and methods of evaluation.

Key word: Chine, Technology Education, Integrated Practical Activities, Information Technology Education, IDIIL

School Report