English summary of the 3 number of volume 46 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Battery Capacity Design for an Electric Vehicle driven by a DC Motor
Auther: Kiyonobu KUSANO

題目：直流モータで駆動される電気自動車の電池容量の設計
著者：草野清信

　In this study, we analyze the relationship between battery capacity and various parameters governing travel motion and then propose a battery capacity design for an electric vehicle driven by a DC motor. We first deduce the motion equation for an electric vehicle, taking into account its electric circuit, and from this equation we obtain the theoretical formula for velocity. The theoretical formula for the electric current flowing in the circuit is then deduced from the velocity formula. Battery capacity is then designed based on the electric current formula. Its exact formula and its practical formula are as presented in this paper’s (36) and (38), respectively.

Key words: electric vehicle, theoretical formula of velocity, battery, capacity, design

Title: Identifying Signs of Students’ Acquisition of Skills in Material Working
−Through a Protocol Analysis in Metal Working−
Auther: Toshikazu YAMAMOTO，Jun MORIYAMA

題目：材料加工学習における生徒の技能習得を把握するためのシンプトムの検討−金属加工作業時のプロトコル分析を通して−
著者：山本利一，森山潤

The purpose of this study is to identify signs, through an analysis of task performances, of students’ mastering skills in material working. Junior high school students performed tasks in metal working, such as polishing, drilling, and threading, and the external performance processes (the series of operations) and the internal performance processes (the protocol through speech) were analyzed. In regard to the external performance processes, students were able, through trials, to sift through possible options, and their actions gradually coming to match the appropriate ones could be clearly observed. In regard to the internal performance processes, 32 speech categories were analyzed, taking into account differences in tasks, differences among individual learners, and differences in trial experiences. Acquisition of skill could be grasped through recognition of a shift from conscious to unconscious performances, and through recognition of a reconfiguration of knowledge structure.

Key words: material work study, skill acquisition, protocol analysis, performance process, identifying signs

Title: A Study on Operating Principle and Performance Characteristics of Bead Stirling Engine
Auther: Fujio TODA，Ken SATOH，Hidenori SAITOH，Katsuaki NAKAJIMA，Yoshinori OHYAGI，Yasuo HARIGAYA

題目：ビー球スターリングエンジンの作動原理と性能特性に関する研究
著者：戸田富士夫，佐藤謙，齋藤秀則，中島克彰，大八木義教，針谷安男

　The bead Stirling engine is well known as an engine that can be constructed easily with a small number of parts, and it is used as a model in schools and colleges teaching technology and creativity.
　In the current research, the movement between beads and syringe was measured to clarify the dynamics of the engine, and pressure-displacement and pressure-volume figures were calculated. Moreover, the operating principle and performance characteristics of the engine were studied.
　The detailed mechanism of the engine was clarified. Engine performance was largely affected by thermal ratio and the inertial force of the beads. For various void ratios, thermal ratios were identified for producing maximum work from the engine. The void ratio for producing maximum work was 80%.

Key words: Stirling engine, bead engine, object-making education, technology education

Title: Development of Engine Cars Using TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Wire as a Teaching Material
Auther: Yasuhiro MATSUNAGA，Maki IWAMI

題目：TiNi形状記憶合金ワイヤーを用いた教材用エンジンカーの開発
著者：松永泰弘，岩見真紀

　In a previous study, the authors practiced building engine cars/ships in a university classroom using shape memory alloy wire, and demonstrated its potential as a material for teaching energy conversion. Through experimentation and trial and error with the alloy, students’ ability to solve problems was nurtured and their approach to study became more spontaneous and creative.
　In the current paper, the operating principle of engines using TiNi shape memory alloy wire (a functional material) is clarified theoretically, and the development of the engine car as a teaching material in technology and home economic classes is further detailed.

Key words: TiNi, shape memory alloy, engine, functional material, thatching material

Practical Paper

Title: Educational Practice of the Magnetic Line Trace Car for Technology Education
Auther: Naobumi SUMI，Takuya NAITO，Kunisuke HOSOYA，Hiroshi OKURA

題目：技術科教育における磁気ライントレースカーの教育実践
著者：須見尚文，内藤拓也，細谷国右，大倉宏之

　This paper deals with the practical educational use of a magnetic line trace car in technology education classes in junior high schools. For two years, classes using the magnetic line trace car in a public junior high school were carried out, and the validity of the car as a teaching material in object-making classes was verified.
　Together, students completed a car and made it run along an entire magnetic line course. The students were able to solve problems through trial and error, and they exhibited positive attitudes toward the manufacturing processing, displaying independent thought, creativity, and eagerness. The use of this magnetic line trace car raised students’ capabilities to search out answers. In all, the car proved to be an effective teaching material for technology education in junior high schools.

Key word: technology education, teaching material, magnetic line trace car

Case Study Paper

Title: The Characteristics of the Elements Comprising Learning in Technology and Object-making in Technology Education
Auther: Tadashi OHTANI，Kazunori HAKUTO

題目：技術科教育における技術とものづくりの学習を構成する要素の特性
著者：大谷忠，白戸一範

　As a preliminary step to optimizing the learning process, the characteristics of the elements included in technology and object-making as set out in the manual for the 1998 revision of the junior high school course of study were compared with those in the manual for the 1969 revision. The analysis revealed that although fewer element groups were included in the 1998 revision, the quantitative balance among activities, means for activities, and subjects for activities were the same in the 1969 and 1998 revisions. In regard to element groups set out in the 1998 revision, there was a tendency for groups with larger numbers of individual components to undertake a more profound, higher quality content. The 1998 revision's educational content in technology and object-making includes opportunities to think through the social role of technology, and the types of activities were classified into four types, whereas the activities in the 1969 revision were only classified into two types..

Key word: learning process, optimization, element, course of study, technology and object-making

Commentary

Title: International Symposium on Educational Cooperation for Industrial Technology Education
Auther: Hidetoshi MIYAKAWA, Toshiyuki KAMADA, Koichi OTA, Hideki SHIMIZU, Kenji ONISHI, Koyo KITSUTA, Masayoshi KATO, Takashi KUMAMOTO, Shigehiro ASADA, Akio UOZUMI, Hirotsugu TAGUCHI, Hitoshi MIYATA, Yoshiaki TANIGUCHI, Shigeki ANDO, Sadao FUKASAKU

題目：「産業技術教育」のための国際教育協力シンポジウムの成果
著者：宮川秀俊，鎌田敏之，太田弘一，清水秀己，大西研治，橘田紘洋，加藤正義，熊本崇，浅田茂裕，魚住明生，田口浩継，宮田仁，谷口義昭，安東茂樹，深作貞男

　The present paper summarizes the presentations and discussions of the International Symposium on Educational Cooperation for Industrial Technology Education, held by Aichi University of Education, on July 9th and 10th, 2003. The outline of events was as follows: on the first day, Opening Ceremony, two Keynote Speeches, Panel Discussion I, and International Information Exchange; on the second day, Panel Discussion II, Poster Exhibition, two commemorative speeches, Closing Ceremony and Farewell Party. The total number of participants was 181, including forty from Australia and twenty other countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Central America, and North America. The remaining 141 participants were Japanese. Concrete proposals were made regarding the training of technology teachers, the organization of the educational curriculum and the development of teaching materials, cooperation with industry, and the future of International Education Cooperation.

Key word: industrial technology education, international education cooperation, JICA, ITEA]

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