English summary of the 2 number of volume 45 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Assessment Criteria and the Portfolio Assessment of "Design and Technology" in the General Certificate of Secondary Education by the OCR(Oxford Cambridge and Royal Society of Arts Examinations) Examination Board in the United Kingdom
Author: Masataka ISOBE, Sadato YAMAZAKI

題目：イングランドOCR試験局の中等教育修了一般資格試験"Design and Technology"の評価規準とポートフォリオ
著者：磯部征尊・山崎貞登

Abstract

The first purpose of this study was to compare Layton's(1993) model of "designing/design process", which has been stressed as scopes of technology education in U.K. with his model of "Science process" and "General model for problem solving" by Multidimensional Scaling and our field surveys. The second purpose was to investigate coursework assessment and standard of "portfolio assessment" of coursework for "Design and Technology" as a General Certificate of Secondary Education in the OCR Examination Board. The results were summarized as follows:
(1) "Determine the need", "Formulate ideas", "Select one idea" and "Test product" were plotted in the direction of "reflective thinking", which were stressed in "portfolio assessment" rather than processes of "Science process" and "General model for problem solving."
(2) Coursework assessment and standard of coursework for "Design and Technology" as a General Certificate of secondary Education in the OCR Examination Board were set out in accordance with concept of "designing/design process" and assessment of device and creativity were emphasized at coursework assessment.

Keyword: United Kingdom (U.K.), Design and Technology, Designing, Portfolio Assessment, Reflective Thinking

Title: Development of High Efficient Editor : Easy Writer's Efficient Copying Function in the Palette Window and an Analysis of Typing Performance
Author: Yumi YAMAGUCHI, Haruhisa YAMAGUCHI

題目：パレットウィンドウ型コピー機能を強化した高能率エディタEWの開発とその入力特性解析
著者：山口有美・山口晴久

Abstract

This paper describes the development of a high efficient interface for novices and its empirical utility examination. EW (Easy Writer) was developed for effective-listing the inputs of cyclical key words. EW is a list type editor that has 10 visualized list type copy and paste functions in the floating palette window. It is aimed at reducing the labor of the repeated typewriting of key words that frequently appear in the sentences. Experimental tests of EW for novices (third-year junior high school students, third-year high school students, forth-year university students) were conducted, and the typewriting efficiency of EW was analyzed statistically. The results of the quantitative comparison of the typing skills between the novices and the skilled persons demonstrated that the efficiency of novices' input speed can be improved by using EW.

Key words : Editor, Novice, Typewriting, Copy & paste function, Palette window

Title: A Study of Fatigue as a Result of Ripping with a Double Tooth Saw
Author: Seiji HIRATA, Satoru OKADA, Hiromichi MIYAZAKI

題目：両刃のこぎりの縦びきにおける身体の疲労について
著者：平田晴路・岡田覚・宮崎擴道

Abstract

In order to gather information on smooth ripping and teaching ripping, the degree of fatigue was measured by the subjective evaluation of ripping with a double tooth saw gripped by the right hand. The handle of the double tooth saw was gripped in two ways (the standard way and by affixing a thumb to the handle) , and the two ways were compared.
The following results were obtained:
I) The time required for cutting a wood by affixing a thumb to the handle was shorter and the strokes fewer than that by the standard way. This could indicate that large cutting force was gained by "the thumb way".
2) The fatigue level was high in the triceps brachii muscle and deltoid muscle for both grips in all subjects. Between the two grips, there was larger fatigue in the center of palm for the standard way, and in the thenar and the thumb for "the thumb way". In tall subjects, the fatigue was even larger in the thenar for "the thumb way" than for the standard Way.
3) Both of short subjects and tall subjects replied that they were less tired at sawing with the "the thumb way" than with the standard way. In tall subjects, it was found that the fatigue by "the thumb way" was significantly smaller than by the standard way.

Key words : Double tooth saw, Ripping, Sawing by one hand, Way for gripping a handle, Subjective evaluation

Title: The Development of a Magnetic Line Tracer as a Teaching Material for Making Things
Author: Hiroshi OKURA, Naobumi SUMI, Toshiaki HATA

題目：ものづくり学習のための教材用磁気ライントレーサの開発
著者：大倉宏之・須見尚文・畑俊明

Abstract

This paper deals with the development and application of magnetic line tracers as teaching materials for learning how to make things in junior-high and/or high school. Since the tracers developed in this paper can operate only by using lead switches as sensors, the control circuit is very simple. In this paper, four kinds of tracers are developed as examples so that the students can develop the tracer into a more advanced one according to the level of their study of control.
In designing and manufacturing the tracer, there are many elements for students to examine, such as the curvature of the magnetic line, the intensity of the magnet, the location and number of sensors, and the speed of the tracer. These problems can be solved by students through trial and error or by using their creativity. Since it contains the factors of electricity, a machine, and control, it could be excellent teaching material for leaning how to make things.

Keywords: magnetic line tracer, lead switch, making things, creativity, teaching material

Case Study Paper

Title: The Analysis and Evaluation of Teaching Aids in Technology Education: a Focus on the Area of Electricity/Basic Information
Author: Toshihiko HOSHINO, Akihiro KONDO, Koichi KATO

題目：技術科教育における教具の機能分析及び評価―電気・情報基礎領域の場合―
著者：星野敏彦・近藤明博・加藤幸一

Abstract

Teaching aids are a means of teaching. In Technology Education, students could greatly be affected by such aids. In order to make maximum use of teaching aids in the classroom, it is necessary to identify and evaluate their functions.
The present study demonstrated that teaching aids can have six possible functions: "Knowledge / understanding", "Interest", "Attitude of Instruction", "Depth of Study", "Stress" and "Concentration on the lesson".
The function chart, which was plotted on a radar chart, is expected to help explain the functions and usability of each teaching aid to teaching. It is hoped that the function chart could be used as a framework in identifying and evaluating future teaching aids.

Key words: Teaching aids, Identification of functions, Function chart, Radar chart, A means of lesson evaluation

Commentary

Title: Problems and Prospects of the ICT Area in Technology Education of Korea
Author: Dae-Young MOON, Young-Jong KIM

題目：韓国の技術教育におけるICT領域教育の現況と展望
著者：文大榮・金永鐘

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate how ICT education is dealt with in Korean technology education. We will examine its present condition and problems by analyzing the curriculum and the contents of various textbooks. We will then explore desirable directions for ICT education.
Relevant documents and textbooks were analyzed, their problems were identified, and possible solutions were suggested. The documents used for the analysis were ICT education related articles, the 7 th school curriculum of Korea, and guidelines for management and textbooks. The problems of ICT area education in Korean technology education are as follows:
1 ) Lack of sequence in the organization of the curriculum
2) Lack of system for organizing the textbooks of the curriculum
3) Bias on ICT literacy education with less varieties in ICT application activity
A specific alternative approach was proposed for establishing the sequence and system of content organization and developing a variety of ICT application activities. It is our contention that ICT education should be taught in the context of technology education, and a system and sequence of textbooks should be developed. Various types of activities for ICT application education should be developed and employed to cultivate students' technological problem-solving abilities and technological creativity.

Keywords : ICT Education, ICT Area in technology education, ICT Literacy education, ICT Application education

Title: On the Manufacturing Contest for Junior High School Students in Taipei
Author: Hirotsugu TAGUCHI, Mitsuo TSUKAMOTO, Hedetoshi MIYAKAWA, Yoshiaki TANIGUCHI, Nobuhiro IMAYAMA

題目：台北市における中学生ものづくりコンテスト
著者：田口浩継・塚本光夫・宮川秀俊・谷口義昭・今山延洋

Abstract

A manufacturing contest for public and private junior high school students was held in Taipei-city, Taiwan, on December 13, 2002. This contest, with the participants being Taipei junior high school students, was aimed at evaluating the consolidation of the basic knowledge and collaborative problem solving ability with a special focus on the fostering of creativity, cooperation, and problem solving ability in technology education. This paper describes the contents, method, and evaluation of the Taipei Contest with reference to the manufacturing contests that are carried out in Japan.

Keywords: Taipei-city, junior high school, manufacturing contest, problem solving ability

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