English summary of the 1 number of volume 45 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: Development of Teaching Material for Junior High School Students on the Technology of Communication and Network System Using the Printer Interface of Windows Machines
Author: Koukichi SUWABE, Hiroyoshi TANAKA

題目：Windows環境におけるプリンタインタフェースを利用した中学生向け通信・ネットワーク技術教材の開発
著者：諏訪部功吉・田中啓勝

Abstract

We developed teaching material for junior high school students to study the basis of communication and network technologies. Using this material, student can study binary signals, the input and output(I/0) of computers, parallel and serial transmissions, and the concepts of terminal address and collision avoidance. By using original software included in the teaching material, students can conduct I/0 experiments, communication experiments, and construct a bus-type local area network system without programming. Two kinds of interface boards connected to a printer port were also developed, with which students can easily construct a network system. The state of the signals at various points in the hardware can be monitored on the display of computers to make students understand the system visually. A set of exercises and explanations are also provided. The system works on Windows 95/98Me machines.

Key words: Teaching material, Communication technology, Network technology, Printer interface, Junior high school students.

Title: The Structure of Subject Content for 'Designing' and 'Communicating' in 'Technology and Design' classes for General Certificate of Secondary Education in Northern Ireland
Author: Daisuke ITOH, Sadato YAMAZAKI

題目：北アイルランド中等教育修了一般資格試験'Technology and Design'のデザイニング及びコミュニケーティングに関する教科内容の構造
著者：伊藤大輔・山崎貞登

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the subject contents in lower secondary level technology education between Northern Ireland and Japan. The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Syllabus for Technology and Design 2002 and the Japanese course of study notified in the 1998 school year were used in this study. This study was focused on curricular scope and sequence and surveyed leading comparative curriculum research in Japan. In comparison with the Japanese subject content, the purpose of this study was to clarify the structure of subject content for 'Technology and Design' class for the GCSE in Northern Ireland, using quantification theory (III) and cluster analysis. The results were summarized as follows.
(1) The abilities to be 'Expressive & self-reflective' and to "design & make" were extracted using the statistical test, called quantification theory (Ill),
(2) Capability comprised the following 5 clusters: 1) generating, selecting and developing ideas, 2) setting out a design and suggesting modifications, 3) production and evaluation, 4) researching and setting out specifications, 5) collecting, processing and transmitting information.

Key words: General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), Technology and design, Subject content, Capability, Designing

Practical Paper

Title: Effects of Collaborative Learning in Interdisciplinary Study Lessons Using Teaching Materials Related to Robotics
Author: Shinnosuke MORI

題目：「総合的な学習の時間」におけるロボット教材を用いた協働学習の効果
著者：森慎之助

Abstract

The advanced technology of robotics was chosen as the theme for collaborative work in an interdisciplinary study class in a junior high school. The class was organized so that students came to an understanding of basic principles and carried out tasks using teaching materials related to robotics by working together in groups. Lego Company's "Mindstorm" was used as the teaching material. he students were placed in small groups irrespective of their school year or homeroom affiliation and asked to work on tasks together. The effectiveness of this activity in cultivating the ability to get along with others, and the students' interest in the material, was observed.
Results indicated that students evaluated highly the work done in collaboration irrespective of their year and class, with 80% or more obtaining a feeling of satisfaction from working together. Also, it was found that 70% of the students experienced a sense of camaraderie with the members of their group. These results confirm that using the robotics material and appropriately planned interdisciplinary study classes is effective in cultivating the ability to get along with others.

Key words: Interdisciplinary study, Collaborative work, Ability to get along with others , High-technology, Robotics material

Case Study Paper

Title: The Performance of Shock Absorbers
Author: Satoshi EMA

題目：衝撃吸収材の特性について
著者：江馬諭

Abstract

shock absorbers are widely used for in packing various products and preventing vibration in machines and tools. In this study, dropping tests were carried out using shock absorbers with different materials, types and thickness to investigate the performance of the shock absorbers. As a results, the following facts could be clarified. Both urethane type and rubber type absorbers have superior shock absorbing performance. There is a difference in the performance according to the thickness of the rubber type absorbers. When the mass and the contact area of the falling objects is chosen appropriately, the greatest shock absorbing performance can be obtained.

Key words: Shock absorber, Dropping test, Impact force, Shock absorbing rate, Kinetic energy

Title: The Production of Videotaped Teaching Aids in Woodwork Instruction for Primary School Teachers and Their Education of Them
Author: Shin-ichi OKUNO, Katsuhiro MORIYA, Masahiro UEDA

題目：小学校教師のための木工作指導ビデオ教材の制作とその評価
著者：奥野信一・盛屋勝博・上田正紘

Abstract

The departmental plan introduced in junior high schools and high schools has recently been discussed at primary schools. However, a single per-grade plan has now been developed at most primary schools. Teachers' knowledge and skill is one of the most important factors, in particular, for teaching woodwork as part of the arts and handicrafts course. It was, however, found from the research administered to the teachers at primary schools in Fukui Prefecture that their knowledge and skill were not enough, and they had some uncertainty regarding instruction. We, therefore, developed videotaped teaching aids (about 15 minutes) for the teachers at primary schools. In these teaching aids, we put emphasis on the fastening, cutting and joining of materials. These teaching aids were evaluated by teachers at public schools in Fukui Prefecture, and the following conclusions were obtained.
･ The teaching aids were understandable enough for the teachers, although the teachers felt that the speed of the action and narration were a little fast.
･ A significant difference concerning the understanding and evaluation of the availability of the teaching aids was not found between male and female teachers or between different age-groups of teachers.
･ Fine-art teachers gave high evaluation scores for the teaching aids as compared with other teachers.
･ The teachers, in particular in fine-art teachers, felt that the teaching aids were very useful for their future woodwork teaching.
Most primary school teachers gave high evaluation scores for the teaching aids, and concluded that the teaching aids were useful enough for the arts and handicrafts course at primary schools.

Key words: Primary school, Arts and handicrafts course, Woodwork instruction, Videotaped teaching aids, Evaluation

Title: The Problems of Instruction for Newly Appointed Teachers of the Industrial Arts Course at Junior High Schools
Author: Toshikazu YAMAMOTO, Ryoya MAKINO, Osamu AOKI, Yuuji YOSHIKAWA, Ken-ichi TAKAHASHI

題目：技術科担当新採用教員が抱える教科指導の課題
著者：山本利一・牧野亮哉・青木統・吉川雄二・高橋研一

Abstract

This study investigated the problems that newly appointed teachers of the industrial Ads Course at Junior High schools have with their subject instructions. Four were investigated; the problems of class management; teaching plans and materials used for making things; the adviser for subject instruction., and the intended contents Of training. Regarding class management, it became clew that the Problems can be found in student guidance, subject knowledge and skill, and the instruction technique. As for the materials used for making things, there was an increase in the proportion of commercial materials used. As regards the choice of adviser for subject instruction, the supervising teachers in the school was most frequently chosen, followed by colleagues with the head of yew as the third most frequent choice. Finally, regarding the intended content of training, there Were many demands for skill in a specialized subject, and instruction techniques
Moreover, the questionnaire about subject instruction of newly appointed teachers was Carried out with those Who take charge of the training of newly appointed teachers of the department of industrial arts in educational centers and similar establishments all over the country. It found that for newly appointed teachers to perform subject instruction, it was considered necessary for them to be given training in teaching techniques concerning lesson planning and evaluation. Specialized subject skill and knowledge regarding the method of using and managing tools was also considered important. It also became Clew that training has been carried out at each education center taking these matters mentioned above into consideration.

Key words.. Newly appointed teachers, Subject instruction, Teacher training, industrial Ads Course, problems of Instruction