English summary of the 3 number of volume 44 publishing paper
Original Paper
Title: Relationship between Students' Character and Thinking on the Design Scene of Manufacturing Class
Author: Chikahiko YATA, Kunio UEDA
題目：「ものづくり学習」の設計段階における思考活動と性格特性との関連
著者：谷田親彦・上田邦夫
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the students' thinking on the design scene and their character, and to obtain teaching suggestion that adapted to the students' individuality. Therefore, we investigated students, thinking on design scene, and surveyed their character using YG (Yatabe-Guilford) personality test As a result students classify account for the thinking on design scene to "positive-active thinking group" and "negative-inactive thinking group" and supported it influence with character factor of 'Lack of Cooperativeness' 'General Activity' 'Rhathymia' and ' Social Extraversion, We examine mutual relations using multiple regression analysis. The result suggested that "positive-active thinking group" students, thinking are influenced to 'General Activity' As for "negative-inactive thinking group" students, their thinking have relation with 'Rhathymia' and 'Social Extraversion'
Keywords: manufacturing class, design scene, thinking, personality test, multiple regression analysis
Title: Structural Design Improvement of Wooden School Desk and Chairs Based on the Hoffman Failure Criterion
Author: Ping YANG, Michiyo TOMIMATSU, Hayato MATSUOKA, Yasuo OHSAKO
題目：Hoffman破壊則に基づいた学校用木製机・椅子の改良設計
著者：楊萍・冨松倫代・松岡隼人・大迫靖雄
Abstract
A modified structural design for wooden School desks and chairs was proposed,
in order to improve their performance in terms of functionality, convenience
and safety. The modification was proposed based on a structural static
analysis of the furniture. Analytical models of a desk and chair in a two-dimensional
system of the finite element method (FEM) were first drawn up to simulate
their mechanical behaviors, under the loading conditions specified by the
Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS S1021. In this FEM simulation, wood is
treated as an orthotropic material. Since the Hoffman Failure Criterion
could be essentially modified to allow unequal maximum allowable stresses
in tension and compression, such as in timber, it was used to examine the
safety of the newly designed wooden desk and chair. Analysis of the distribution
of Hoffman Failure Criterion indices in the models of a desk and chair
revealed the stress concentration sections and the corresponding allowable
stress levels. The structural performance of the modified desk and chair
designs were analyzed repeatedly until their load bearing capacity fell
within the acceptable limits. Improvement in the existing designs of wooden
desks and chairs will make it possible to convert low grade logs, such
as thinning materials, into environmentally and ecologically friendly school
facilities.
Keywords: eco-friendly school facilities, wooden school desk and chair,
finite element method, computer simulation,Hoffman Failure Criterion
Practical Paper
Title: The Practical Lesson for Recognizing the Power and Standby Electricity
～Using Watt-Hour Meter～
Author: Toru KAMIMOTO, Yoshihiro ASADA, Yoshiro IZUMOTO
題目：消費電力・待機電力を認識させる授業実践 ～積算電力計を利用して～
著者：垣本徹・浅田儀博・井津元世士郎
Abstract
This paper reports lessons with the target of pupils obtaining a grounding in the use of electrical-energy and to have them consider the relationship between electrical-energy and the environment in junior high school technology classes. The purpose of the lesson was to give pupils knowledge about the size of power and standby electricity in electrical appliances. The pupils experimented on the measurement of power by using a single phase watt-hour meter, and convened electric power into an amount of crude oil, and considered energy problem. As a result, we confirmed that an understanding of he effective use of electrical energy and resources could be developed in the pupils.
Keywords.. Power electricity, Standby electricity, Energy reduction, watt-hour
meter, Lesson development Technical Paper
Title: On "Robot Contest" classes in Technology Education in Junior High School
Author: Takashi SUZUKI
題目：中学校「ロボットコンテスト」にみる技術科の授業について
著者：鈴木隆司
Abstract
In technology education in junior high schools, a new class (the robot-contest
class) has been introduced. This lesson has as its theme the design and
production of a robot, as well as a contest between robots. However, since
the location of "robot contest" in technology education was not
fully discussed, its educational significance has not been sufficiently
evaluated.
The aim of this paper is to explain essential factors for a successful
lesson for the robot contest. I did a survey on student awareness and on
the form of the lesson. I examined the factors that increase the educational
effect. As a result, it became clear that the factors which increase the
educational worth of the robot contest class were the following three items.①The
aim of production by students is easily fulfilled through the robot contest.②Students
are able to get more practical knowledge, by making intuitive knowledge
an object of the class, in so far as students can use their own production
ideas.③Students can lean a lesson from a failure by changing it into a
new task
Keywords: technology education, lesson, robot-contest, material
Title: R.W.Selvidge's Trade and Job Analysis in the American Vocational Association's
Standards of American in Industrial Arts Teaching,1934
Author: Ryu KINOSHITA, Yoshimi TANAKA
題目：アメリカ職業協会『産業科教育の到達目標標準』におけるR.W.セルヴィッジの作業分析法の役割
著者：木下龍・田中喜美
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to consider the relation between Selvidge's
trade and job analysis and the American Vocational Association's Standards
of Attainment in Industrial Arts Teaching, 1934, in which the most influential
curriculum framework for general industrial education was arranged in the
United States.
In our research, we firstly analyzed his books and papers, and clarified
the characteristics of Selvidge's method. second, we examined the contents
of AVA's "Standards". Third, we compared the characteristics
of Selvidge' s method with the contents of AVA' s "Standards".
Let us summarize the principal results of the comparison.
(1) The 12 objectives of industrial arts in AVA's "Standards" included 8 objectives of industrial arts in Selvidge's principles of Trade and Industrial Teaching, 1930.
(2) The unit operations and information were represented as the as the mastery objectives in both Selvidge's method and AVA's "Standards"
(3) In Selvidge's method, the use of instruction sheets was emphasized and jobs or projects were evaluated as a group of subject matters. These were the same as in the contents of AVA's "Standards".
It should be concluded that Selvidge's method took the important parts in AVA's "Standards", and played a significant role in the curriculum development of general industrial education in the United States.
Keywords: Selvidge, s trade and job analysis, unit operation, instruction sheets, industrial arts education
Title: Quantitative Changes of Teaching Materials in Technology Education Magazines
Author: Hiroshi KAMEYAMA, Noritugu INOUE
題目：技術科教育誌における教材の量的変遷
著者：亀山寛・井上教嗣
Abstract
We appended the new data from 1995 to the "Gijutsu Kyoiku" (Technology
Education) database constructed by our members. Using this database system,
we could study the quantitative properties of the history of teaching materials
in technology education magazines. From this analysis the following results
were obtained. 1) In the first Period of Industrial Arts and Homemaking,
areas such as machines and electricity belonging to modem technology were
regarded as of major importance but recently these have come to be considered
as less important, 2) the ratio of articles about the 7 areas of technology
education was 43.1 % in the first Period of Industrial Arts and Homemaking
but the ratio in the present period has decreased to 28.0 %, 3) the numbers
of lists in the magazine for teaching materials about the active elements
of electricity and machines were found to correspond to the development
and decay of these technologies.
Keywords: Technology Education database, History of areas, History of teaching
materials, Machines, Electricity, Quantitative properties
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