English summary of the 4 number of volume 42 publishing paper

Original Paper

Title: The Development of a Learning-Training Simulator for Lathe Operation
Author: Ziye LI, Yoshifumi TONEGI, Hua QIU

題目：旋盤操作技能教育･訓練用シミュレータの開発
著者：黎　子椰, 渡根木　好文, 丘　華

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop and provide a safe and efficient tool for the learning and training practice courses on metal machining, which is usually an important part of the curriculum in engineering high schools, working training schools and engineering faculties of universities. A learning-training simulator with some virtual reality functions for lathe operating was developed. The hardware is based on the feed system of an actual lathe. A sense of force produced by the built-in direct drive motors provides the operator with some feeling as if he or she were operating an actual lathe. Through incorporating multimedia techniques into the software, the simulator can display animated pictures to demonstrate the rotation of work-piece and the movement of the cutter on screen in real time. A speaker controlled by the computer is available to perform several different types of the working sound that mix the rotation sound of lathe spindle and the cutting sound, according to the progress of the operation. Some other useful functions, such as waning of a dangerous operation, and a demonstration of the basic principles of metal cutting, have been developed into the simulator in order to increase the learning-and training efficiency. The teachers of some engineering high schools and the students in the technology department of an education university used the simulator and gave a good assessment on its training effects.

Keywords : Simulator, Virtual Reality, Lathe, Metal Machining Practice, Training

Title: The Seasonal Variation of the Groundling Resistance
Author: Hiroshi SAITO, Kouetu IZUMI, Yasuhiro SATO, Masamu KOMATU

題目：接地抵抗の季節による変動
著者：斎藤　宏, 和泉 幸悦, 佐藤　安弘, 小松　正武

Abstract

Generally grounding is provided for domestic electrical products. When insulation inside electrical machinery and apparatus deteriorates, a leak occurs, and danger of electric shock increases. Grounding becomes necessary to reduce the degree of this danger. There are few measurement examples of the grounding resistance in cold areas though this resistance is expected to vary by season. In this paper, an apparatus which measure grounding resistance, soil temperature and the moisture content of the soil automatically was made. These values were measured for a long time using this apparatus. It was found that grounding resistance varied seasonally between 59 4 l 179. However, if abnormal desiccation was taken into consideration, it was found that grounding resistance varied seasonally between 46 4 135 Q (mean value 849 ) Though the value of grounding resistance was high in winter, it changed to the lower value in summer. The relationship between the grounding resistance and the soil temperature, soil moisture content were also examined.

Keywords : grounding resistance, seasonal variation, soil temperature, soil moisture content

Title: A Study on the Grade Level of the Contents of Technology in the 1998 Version of the Course of Study for Junior High School (Industrial Arts Education and Home-Making)
Author: Tadashi OHTANI, Takao YAKOU

題目：1998年告示の文部省中学校学習指導要領「技術・家庭」における技術分野の教育適用期間に関する一考察
著者：大谷　忠, 八高隆雄

Abstract

As an indicator for evaluating factors affecting children's physical and psychological development, we surveyed the grade levels at which the contents of industrial arts education are to be taught in the 1998 version of the Course of Study for Junior High School, and then compared them with those of the 1989 version. The analysis revealed that the 1998 version's contents contained 60 per cent of the junior high school course, but that approximately 20 per cent of them were either from those of the elementary school course or the senior high school course. It further revealed that the sequence of information contents changed its pattern from one where they were structured gradually with increased difficulty from elementary to senior high school, to another where they were mainly taught in junior and senior high school. Finally, the contents of industrial arts education as proposed by the Japan Society of Technology Education (JSTE) were evaluated based on the above-mentioned measure. It was found that the contents made a even distribution in a balanced way from elementary school through junior high school to senior high school, and that the 1998 version contained more contents from junior and senior high school than the JSTE version.

Keywords : course of study, developmental education, grade levels of contents, Japanese Society of Technology Education, information education.

Practical Paper

Title: Materials Design for Electricity Generating System Using Solar Energy and the Implementation of those Materials
Author: Toshikazu YAMAMOTO, Ryoya MAKINO

題目：太陽光発電システムの教材化と授業実践
著者：山本　利一, 牧野　亮哉

Abstract

A teaching tool for learning how household electrical appliances operate utilizing electrical energy generated by a solar battery was developed. The amount of out-put power of the battery is sixty-four watts and therefore it is sufficient to operate general household electrical appliances. The constitution of this teaching tool is that generated electrical energy (DC) is accumulated in a lead storage battery through the charge-discharge controller, and is converted into an AC current, A household electric appliance is operated by its AC current. The lesson looked at an electricity generating system using the sun's rays, and the experiments carried out by using this teaching tool and its effects for learning were investigated. From these results, the students could deepen their understanding about the mechanism of electricity generating systems which use the sun's rays.

Keywords : solar battery, teaching tool, learning region on electricity, electricity generating system with sun's ray, energy

Title: A Proposal for a Bibliographic Database for "Foundation of Information Science and Technology" in Junior High School
Author: Akihiro KAWASHIMA, Tsutomu SATOH

題目： 「情報基礎」におけるデータベースの提案
著者：川島　章弘, 佐藤　勉

Abstract

It is important that information is collected, managed and utilized in the field of "Foundation of informational Science and Technology". A database could be especially important for them in the future. Therefore, a database of paperbacks, including cover illustrations, is proposed as a teaching material in Junior High School. This database frame includes the cover illustration, the first line and last words of text and a commentary, as well as more conventional data. This multimedia data base can be said to be a new reading bibliographic data base for the multimedia era. It is also proposed that the concept of ''fair use'' in the U. S. Copyright Act should be adopted to the Copyright Act of Japan.

Keywords : database, bibliographic database, development of teaching aid, foundation of information science and technology, cover illustration, copyright

Technical Information

Title: The Properties and Process of Establishing National Curriculum Standards in Industrial Arts and Homemaking
Author: Hiroshi KAMEYAMA

題目：技術・家庭科設置時における学習指導要領作成の内的過程とその性格
著者：亀山　寛

Abstract

From the viewpoint of promoting science and technology education, the Vocational Education Division planned ''Technology Education" without Business Economics-or Cultivation and Nursing at the beginning (May 1958) of a committee meeting for national curriculum standards of Vocation and Homemaking in junior high school. However, since various external groups in education were firmly opposed to this plan, a different structure called 'Industrial Arts and Homemaking' was produced. The process of establishing a national curriculum standards for '1Technology Education'' was dynamic one. Additionally, we have analyzed the objective, educational contents and educational method. As the objectives for boys and girls were mixed, these did not necessarily contribute to promoting science and technology education. It was understood by the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture that the principal part of the educational contents for boys should be technology in industry and the one for girls should be technology in the home. The educational method gave emphasis on practice.

Keywords : Industrial Arts and Homemaking, Technology Education, National Curriculum Standards, Technology in the Industry, Technology in the Home, Vocational Education Division