English summary of the first number of volume 42 publishing paper
Original Papers
Title: Comparison and Implementation of Timetabling
Algorithms for Junior High Schools
Author: Makoto FUKUSHIMA
題目：中学校時間割編成アルゴリズムの比較と編成システムの試作
著者：福島 誠
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison and evaluation
of the timetabling algorithms using GA(Genetic
Algorithm) and SA(Simulated Annealing). Furthermore,
an implementation of the timetabling system
for junior high schools is also presented.
The crossover operation of GA is performed
using the tournament of the building block
which is a class timetable of one-day periods,
as we have previously proposed. The timetable
consists of the tuples which include the
attributes of lessons, such as teacher, class,
room and subject name. In addition to those,
some of the tuples have other specific conditions,
such as multiple lessons. These tuples are
not randomly selected for the swapping operation
in SA, but selected within the same class.
The experiment of the timetabling is performed
with and without the pre-assignment of the
tuples under the specific conditions. The
implemented timetabling system for junior
high schools is used to evaluate the above
algorithms. The System has two units, one
of which is the input interface unit and
another is for timetabling. Two types of
the timetabling data from an assumed and
a real junior high school timetable are used
in the experiment. From the experimental
results, it is found that SA outperforms
GA under our timetabling conditions.
Keywords: Timetabling, GA, SA, Tuple, Building
Block
Practical Paper
Title: An Investigation of Culture Learning-Methods
using Student-Centered Activities in Technology
Education in Junior High School
Author: Kenta SEKI, Yutaka AKETA, Hisami
SASAKI
題目：中学校技術科における生徒の主体的調査活動を取り入れた栽培学習方法の検討
著者：関 健太・明田 豊・佐々木久視
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate
effective leaning methods of technology education
in junior high school. A booklet (Learning
Book) concerning fundamental contents of
culture leaning was used, which students
were voluntarily able to study. Teacher-centered
instruction was compared with student-centered
activities using the Leaning Book through
an interest test, an attitude scale, an achievement
test, and a willingness scale. While teacher-centered
instruction was shown to be suitable for
teaching the theoretical knowledge, student-centered
activities were more effective for the learning
of practical skills. Teacher-centered instruction
produced a tendency for students to ask for
external assessment, by the teacher or others.
From these results, it appears that the instruction
of student-centered activities into the methodology
of technology education is important for
the development of practical problem solving.
Key words : area of culture learning, student-centered
activity teacher-centered instruction, Leaning
Book
Title: Study on the Fostering of Self-Educability
in Industrial Arts Education : A Consideration
on the Relationship between the Teaching
Process and Two Materials in "Electricity"
Author: Akio UOZUMI, Hidetosi MIYAKAWA
題目：技術科教育における自己教育力の育成に関する研究
−「電気」領域における指導過程と複数題材についての一考察
−
著者：魚住明生・宮川秀俊
Abstract
This study aims at presenting basic data
for the fostering of self-education in the
teaching of Industrial Arts Education. Both
a diagnostic test and an evaluation test
on self-education were carried out with junior
high school students undergoing different
teaching processes on the subject of "Electricity",
and these tests were analyzed.
The main results are summarized as follows:
(1) The teaching process which included two
materials about "Electricity" efficiently
fostered self-education.
(2) It was shown that the self-education
of both male and female students was equally
fostered by this teaching process.
(3) It is surmised that factors for the fostering
of self-education are efficiently combined
by the teaching Process which includes two
materials about "Electricity".
Keywords: self-education, Industrial Arts
Education, teaching process, materials, Electricity,
cluster analysis.
Technical Information
Title: The Reproduction of Unearthed Bronze
Antiques in the Technical Course at High
School
Author: Sadao SAKAMOTO, Satoshi MATSUNAGA,
Makoto YOSHIMOTO, Koichi TOMITA
題目：工業高校における出土青銅器の複製実践
著者：坂本定男・松永聡志・吉本 誠・富田紘一
Abstract
One of the study themes in the Technical
course at high school is the reproduction
of unearthed bronze antiques.
Technical aspects of this course were investigated,
and the casting defects were analyzed.
The results were as follows:
(1) Using a sand mold was the most suitable
method for making a halberd.
(2) Using a clay mold produced the best results
in the five surface details required for
hand bell casting.
(3) As all casting reflects are related to
the casting plan, it is clear that using
these casting methods is a useful way of
teaching casting practice in technical high
schools and in the initial education of mechanical
engineers.
Keywords: reproduction, sand mold, clay mold,
casting defect, casting plan
Title: Research on Factors of Subject Matters
and their Classification in Industrial Arts'
Education
Author: Shigeki ANDOH
題目：技術科教育における題材の要素と分類に関する調査研究
著者：安東茂樹
Abstract
The choice and evaluation of subject's matters
for processing activities in junior high
school, Industrial Arts have been based until
now. On the viewpoints and standards set
mainly subjectively by teachers. In this
study, using a survey based on students'
interest, the researcher have first clarified
the structures of factors by an analytic
method.
Next, I describe those subjects proposed
by the students. Finally, I had made a checklist
of those subject and cluster analysis has
enabled me to analyze those themes.
(1) Themes offered by students consists of
the following four factors: "Self-motivation",
"Applicability of Life", "Self-participation"
and "Skill".
(2) Judging from the examination of factors
for the subjects, it is clear that factor
scores are low in "Applicability to
Life" including such factors as applied
to life and developed.
(3) As regards "Skill" in a comparison
of boys and girls, boy students attained
higher factor scores. As regards the number
of school years, the scores of senior students
are lower than those of freshman and junior
students.
(4) Concerning those subjects in the field
of Wood Processing carried in textbooks,
it is possible to classify themes in a checklist
based on haw a structure of factors is formed
with factor scores shown simultaneously by
carrying out a cluster analysis.
Keywords : Industrial Arts' Education, factors
of subjects, structures of factors, cluster
analysis, checklist and classification of
subjects.
Title: Importance of Curriculum Based on
Process-Knowledge in Technology Education
of Junior High School
Author: Tomohiro YANAGI, Shinichi TAKITA
題目：中学校技術科教育におけるプロセス知の形成を考慮した授業構成の意義
著者：柳 智博・田北晋一
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate
the potential for creative development in
junior high school technology education students
by using the project method in product-making
classes. In order to do this, we utilized
some generally accepted notions concerning
creative activity and the role of process-knowledge
as indicated in current design activity research.
In addition, two models of activity based
problem solving are presented and discussed,
one based on a creative approach for a more
advanced level of product making, the other
on a controlled approach for product making
for beginners. On the basis of these models,
we demonstrated both the effectiveness of
the project method in junior high school
technology classes, and the value of a project
methodology utilizing sub-projects and main-project
in the project method to enhance the potential
for creative development.
Keywords : technology education, the project
method, process-knowledge, creative development,
main-project and sub-project