第４０巻３号掲載論文の英文要旨

Vol.40 No3

Original Papers

Title : Development and Evaluation of a Computer Controlled Blue and Red LED Lighting System Used to Affect Plant Growth

Authors : Tomohiro YANAGI, Shinji Kondo, Kensyo OKAMOTO, Shinnichi TAKITA

題目：植物栽培のためのパソコンによる青/赤LED光源制御システムの開発とその有用性

著者:柳 智博,近藤 伸二,岡本 研正,田北 晋一

There have been a noticeable absence of papers concerning the development of a system that uses a personal computer to artificially control the light conditions that affect plant growth. Because of this, we developed a lighting system that uses a blue and red light emitting diode(LED). This paper is an outline of the system we developed which includes the structural characteristics of the LED lighting system. 　Further, we report on the light conditions under the LED light source, and an experiment that examines the practicality of this system. Using one personal computer made it possible to set and change the light conditions of eight different compartments with the LED light source. The light conditions ranged from darkness to about 100 mmol/m2/s intensity of blue/red light.
The experiment was carried out to examine what influence, if any, day length had on the floral initiation of Japanese morning glories. The results of the experiment demonstrated the practicality of the system. Therefore, this system can be considered an effective teaching tool for assisting junior high school students to understand the photoperiodism of plants in the horticulture field of technology and homemaking class.

Key words: personal computer, light emitting diode, LED, plant growing, Japanese morning glory, day-length

Title : An Evaluation of Gentarou Tanahashi and Craft Education: Participation in Writing `Shukou Ka Kyouju Sho` Related to the History of Craft Education

Authors : Fumihiko ISHIDA,Yoshihiko KOIDE

題目：棚橋源太郎と手工教育　―『手工科教授書』の執筆分担と手工教育史上における評価―

著者：石田 文彦,小出 義彦

The authors revealed that, in co-authored `Shukou ka kyouju sho` which is acclaimed with respect to the history of craft education, the part dealing with teaching theories, chapters 1 to 7, was written by Gentarou Tanahashi and the other part dealing with teaching materials, chapters 8 to 13, was written by Hidekichi Okayama.
The evaluation of the book was analyzed by reviewing ` Nihon shukou　Genron` written by Kiyokata Ichito, ` Shukou kyouiku gaku genron` written by Teiji Suzuki, ` Nihon no geijutu kyouiku ron` compiled by Keiichi Tachihara, and `Gentarou Tanahashi no shukou kyouiku riron` written by Masao Uesato.
Ichito criticized that the part on teaching materials in the book which lightly dealt with the children's technical progress as a basic training for industry. Suzuki highly evaluated the part of teaching theories, but he criticized that the contents of the part of teaching materials might be　misunderstood as vocational education. Tachihara was very positive about the fact that the craft course was positioned in the book as one of the curricula in general education. However, he criticized that too much importance was given to science and technology, and too little significance was given to artistic education. Uesato noted that it was the first systematic book concerning the theories of craft education in Japan and it introduced natural science into craft education. On the other hand, he pointed out that the concrete relationship with natural science was not indicated and the book was limited in that too much importance was placed on skills in craft education.

Key words : Hidekichi Okayama, Kiyokata Ichito, Teiji Suzuki, Keiichi Tachihara, Masao Uesato

Practical Papers

Title : Instruction in Logic Circuits Using Computer Aided Instruction Software

Authors : Takashi Shizukuishi,Masahiro Karihara,Yutaka Shida,Nobuyasu Sato

題目：ＣＡＩコースウェアによる論理回路学習

著者：雫石 和志・狩原 雅裕・志田 寛・佐藤 信安

A lesson on the digital circuit, situated in the Electricity Area of junior high school technology and homemaking classes was conducted using Computer Aided Instruction(CAI)software. This included practice designing and constructing a circuit through the use of a digital circuit simulator. A seven segment LED display circuit that was familiar to students and which consisted of many kinds of logic circuits was selected to be studied. An investigation was conducted and the results were analyzed to determine what the effects of using this software were on the students' cognitive and emotional domains. The findings are presented in this paper. These results as well as an analysis of the students' learning historys provided insight into instructional problems related to the use of this software.

Key words: teaching material development, CAI courseware, logic circuit, electricity and electronic circuit, circuit simulator

Title : Development of Teaching Tool Related to the Generation of Electricity from Solar Energy

Authors : Toshikazu YAMAMOTO,Ryoya MAKINO

題目：太陽光発電を学習する教具の開発

著者：山本利一，牧野亮哉

A teaching tool for learning about the strength and limitations of solar energy or electric energy generated by solar cells was developed. This was used in the class room. In the lesson, environmental problems and effective utilization of energy were also taught.
The characteristics of this tool are as follows: (1)The angle of incidence of the solar cell to the sun can be adjusted according to the sun's height, (2)The solar cell is attached to a shaft that stands on an acrylic plate whether or not the solar cell is vertical with respect to the sun can be judged by the shadow condition of the shaft. (3)The teaching tool has a built-in voltmeter and ammeter for reading the voltage generated by the solar cell and the load current respectively. (4)A photometer is attached on the acrylic plate and therefore, students can learn the relation between luminous intensity and electric power generated by the solar cell, (5)The photometer is also used as the voltmeter. (6)Using a load connecting terminal, students can learn to measure variations of voltage and electric current against the various loads. (7)The teaching tool was designed to be compact and mobile so that experiments can be made both inside and outside.
After various experiments were conducted with this teaching tool, it was determined that students effectively learned about the merits and limitations of generating electric energy using sunbeams.

Key words: solar cell, teaching tool, electricity domain, generation of electric energy, energy

Title : Problem Solving Teaching Methods and their Influences on Student Motivation toward Learning in Technology Education

Authors : Jun MORIYAMA,Jyoichi KIRITA,Kene KIDA

題目：技術科教育における課題解決学習の指導過程が生徒の学習意欲に及ぼす影響

著者：森山 潤,桐田 襄一,喜田 憲恵

The purpose of this study was to determine the influences of solving on students motivation toward learning in Technology Education. We developed a scale for measuring student motivation toward learning based on 4 factors(16 items), which were: 1)achievement expectations, 2)curiosity raised by cognitive conflict, 3)practice and operation expectations, and 4)understanding the necessity of learning.
We prepared 2 types of problem solving teaching methods in the field of Electricity. One was based on product manufacturing ( design - production - inspection), the other was based on the product improvement (modeling-adaptation-production).
In this investigation we compared these two types of teaching methods and obtained the following results. At the highest level of student motivation, there was no significant difference between the teaching methods. However, among the transitional student motivation patterns, some differences were found. Student motivation reached the highest level in the middle of manufacturing. Student motivation was highest at the end of product improvement. These differences were especially conspicuous with respect to achievement expectations factor.

Key words: Technology Education, Motivation , Teaching Method of Problem Solving