第４０巻１号掲載論文の英文要旨

Vol.40 No.1

Original Papers

Title: A Study of Mental Image as it Relates to Problem-Solving Performance in the Woodworking Area

Authors: Kimihito TAKENO, Masashi MATSUURA

和文題目：加工学習の問題解決過程におけるイメージと行為に関する研究

著者氏名：岳野公人，松浦正史

It is important that students think about a problem in various ways during the process of problem-solving. In this paper, students' thinking activity is defined as the functioning of their mental image. The purpose of this paper is to clarify what kind of mental image students have and how they process that image when they are involved in learning to fabricate products in technology education classes. Mental images have hierarchies. The information-processing level is one of the levels in the hierarchy. Furthermore, this level can be classified into the following four groups: "sensitive image", "intellectual image", "emotional image", and "control/evaluation image". The authors conducted an experiment to obtain data on the students' mental image while they were required to perform a woodworking activity, and analyzed that image according to the four categories of mental image. The result showed that the intellectual and control/evaluation images played an important role in students' problem-solving performance in woodworking. To determine what these two categories of mental image consist of, further investigation is necessary. Although other research in the industrial arts claims that the amount of students' knowledge about a given problem may lead to good problem-solving performance. However, this paper suggests that, depending upon the type of problem, good performance is related to the amount of student's skills as well as knowledge about the given problem.

Key Words: Woodworking, Problem-solving, Mental image.

Title: Development of a Teaching Tool which Assists Students with Driving Nails Perpendicularly: A Simple Nail Position Measuring Device that Uses
Hole Sensors

Authors: Toshikazu YAMAMOTO, Ryoya MAKINO

和文題目：垂直な釘打ちを支援する教具の開発
−ホールセンサを利用した簡易釘位置測定装置−

著者氏名：山本利一，牧野亮哉

Previous studies on nail driving in the wood working area focused on such things as skill development, and evaluation. The angle of the nail inside of the material can not be seen from the outside. In this study we developed a teaching tool that allowed us to graphically display the angle of the nail inside the material even if the tip of the nail did not protrude from the opposite face of the wood. With regard to measuring, the principle behind this teaching tool is that a permanent magnet is attached to the head of a nail after it has been driven and the magnetic forces which emanate from the pointed tip of the nail are registered by the hole sensors. Using this data, a simulation of the pointed end of the nail embedded in the wood is shown on the display. The difference in outcomes between lessons taught with this tool and lessons taught without this tool were compared. The results indicated that this teaching tool increased students' ability to drive nails perpendicularly.

Key words: nail driving, wood working, hole sensor, teaching tool, Industrial Arts and Home Making Courses

Title: The Development of a Color-Sensitive Display Controlling Interface

Authors: Makoto KINEFUCHI, Takashi TORII, Akinobu ANDO, Noriaki KANNO

和文題目：カラーディスプレイによるパソコン制御インタフェースの開発

著者氏名：杵淵　信，鳥居　隆司，安藤　明伸，菅野　徳明

We have developed a general-purpose interface system that would be beneficial when learning to use a personal computer as a control device. This particular system function with Graphical User Interface (GUI) environments as typified by MS-Windows. Our system outputs data from an HTML file onto the color display screen after it has been serialized by our software. Each of the 3 bits, data, clock, and reset, is assigned to each of the three colors (R, G, B) respectively. The data on the screen is read by an attached color sensor. The data then undergoes parallelization by means of the hardware attached to the back. As for the software, we adopted Java (JDK 1.02), a programming language that is freely downloadable from the Internet. This language can be used with all kinds of platform-independent applications.

Keywords: color display, interface, learning computer control, Java

Title: self-consciousness Related to Manual Dexterity or Clumsiness among Primary and Secondary School Students

Authors: Kosaku Doi

和文題目：ものづくりに対する児童生徒の器用・不器用意識

著者氏名：土井康作

The study was aimed at developing a method to assist 5th and 6th grade students as well as secondary students in decreasing self-consciousness related to manual clumsiness. The results obtained from this investigation are summarized below: 1) 84% of the primary school students who were surveyed said that they "like making things". However, as the grade level increased from primary school to secondary school, that percentage declined. 2) 57% of the students surveyed were self-consciousness about their manual clumsiness. The greatest degree of this found among first year and second year students in the middle schools. 3) Such consciousness of one's own manual clumsiness has been presumed to be a form self-consciousness that has been aroused by one's self- evaluation of difficulties experienced in performing voluntary movements and in performing an efficient job. Consequently, the author suggests that in such cases the teacher should guide the students to concentrate on performing their job at a proper speed, with precision, and with creativity. Furthermore, in order to provide guidance to students who feel manually clumsy, we suggest that mapping out the steps during in the preparation stage is effective.

Key Words : Creation and production of things, 5th and 6th grade students, middle school students, manual dexterity, clumsiness, voluntary movement.

Title: Design of an Inductance Loaded Amplifier

Authors: Kiyonobu KUSANO

和文題目：インダクタンス負荷増幅器の設計

著者氏名：草野　清信

This paper demonstrates that the output wave of an inductance-loaded amplifier produces an ellipse on the output characteristics chart, and traces this ellipse clockwise. Using these facts, non-distortion conditions for the output wave are analyzed, which are transformed into

L > (R/(2 p fmin))<[>(1+R/Ri+R/R0)(1+R/Ri-R/R0)/{( R/R0+R/Ri)(R/R0-R/Ri)}]1/2

for circuit 1., and

L > (Ri/(2 p fmin))<[>(Ri/R0+1)(Ri/R0- 1)]1/2

for circuit 2., where fmin is the lowest frequency of a signal, R is the inner resistance of the inductance (L), Ri is the resistance of a load, VCE0 is the bias voltage between emitter and collector, IC0 is the collector bias current, and R0= VCE0/IC0.

Key Words: Reflex Circuit, Inductance-loaded Amplifier, Graphical Method, Design

Technical Inforrmation

Title: The Process of Establishing the Industrial Arts and Homemaking - Until 1956

Authors: Hiroshi KAMEYAMA

和文題目：技術・家庭科設置過程　−１９５６年度まで

著者氏名：亀山　寛

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the internal process of establishing the industrial arts and homemaking through 1956. This was accomplished by analyzing the published documents. Part of the objectives, the teaching method know as the project method, the second group area, items, job examples, and others aspects of vocational education as stated in the 1957 Study Guidance Plan developed by the Vocational Education division in the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture were taken over by the industrial arts and homemaking. This Study Guidance Plan included many area subjects such as, agriculture, industry, commerce, fisheries, homemaking, and vocational guidance and was therefore, too complex and general. Establishment of the industrial arts and homemaking provided a means for overcoming these points.
In 1956 the council for curriculum of secondary education, which was managed by the secondary education division, began to discuss the reconstruction of vocational education and homemaking. A section head of this division was Sugie who had a profound knowledge of technology education. In conference for the section leaders of local boards of education in January 1957, a fairly complicated reconstruction plan for vocational education and homemaking was reported. It was proposed that "this field of study should be qualitatively restricted, the content should be structural and three dimensional, the focus should be on the fundamentals, production technology should be emphasized, and we should organize from the stand point of it being a compulsory subject. If we fractionalize the field it will be vocational technical education." It is known that in 1956 the plan for the reconstruction of vocational education and homemaking was making considerable progress.

Key Words: industrial arts, homemaking, vocational education, technology education, secondary education, establishment.