第３９巻２号掲載論文の英文要旨
Vol.39 No.2
Original Papers
Study of Teaching and Learning Methods Based on the Pragmatic
Schema of Students in Industrial Arts Education - About the Function and
Construction of Thermostat -
Yoshihiro MASUO
技術・家庭科における生徒の実用的な既有スキーマを活用した学習指導に関する研究−「サーモスタットの仕組みと働き」に焦点をあてて−
増尾慶裕
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how students can form new schema
by making use of their pragmatic schema while studying electricity in Industrial
Arts education. In this study, I have analyzed the elements of pragmatic
schema, and, with the help of this analysis, I have prepared some learning
materials. Next, I developed a new cognitive process through which students
can activate their pragmatic schema, as well as, acquire autonomous learning
by relating their own pragmatic schema to the contents of the teacher's
instruction. As for the evaluation of schema, I have used concept maps
after studying the relationship between the two. As a result, I have gotten
strong evidence that when each student has developed a new schema, it is
composed of five characteristics, including a Gestalt quality. I also found
that this evaluation method has a close relationship with our conventional
objective tests. Thus, I can safely say that this is an effective method
for evaluating the quality of the schema. I believe that if we provide
instructions which use pragmatic schema effectively, students can understand
the new material and, therefore, form a new schema more easily.
Key words : Industrial Arts education, Pragmatic schema, Cognitive process
of student, Concept map, Thermostat, Practical use of computers.
Research on the Cause and Effect Relationship between Factors
Related to Improving Students' Computer Program Design Ability in the Realm
of Information Basics.
Jun MORIYAMA, Jyoichi KIRITA
「情報基礎」領域における生徒のプログラム設計能力の向上に対する諸要因間の因果関係
森山 潤，桐田 襄一
The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause and effect relationship
between factors which influence the improvement of students' ability to
program computers. Three tests were administered to 118 male and female
9th grade students who were learning about computer programming. These
tests were: an achievement test ( surface layer factor), the programming
thinking process self-awareness measurement (Moriyama , Adachi, Kirita
1996) (middle layer factor), and the KYODAI NX 9-15 intelligence test (deep
layer factor). Using multiple regression analysis and path analysis, the
hypothesis that intelligence and self-awareness in the thinking process
would positively influence the students' ability to program computers was
supported. The following conclusions were reached: 1. The improvement of
the surface layer programming ability was influenced by both the deep layer
intelligence standard and the middle layer self-awareness in the thinking
process. 2. Improvement in programming correction and inspection ability
requires an accumulation of debugging learning experiences. 3. In the thinking
processes related to understanding problems and designing programming,
intelligence factors required of learners are different. It was found that
the former had a stronger relationship with the spatial factor and the
latter with the linguistic factor.
Key words : Fundamental of Informational Science and Technology, Computer
programming ability, Junior High School Students, Causal Relationship,
Path Analysis
The Effect of Processing Conditions on the Machinability
of a Wear Resistant Copper Alloy.
Yukinobu HORITA, Hisakimi NOTOYA, Shigeru YAMADA
耐摩耗性銅合金の被削性に及ぼす加工条件の影響
堀田幸信，能登谷久公，山田 茂
In this investigation , the machinability of a wear resistant copper alloy
used in automotive components was evaluated. The following results were
obtained: Machinablity was not significantly effected by cutting speed
which is different from ordinary ferrous materials. Consequently, from
a productivity standpoint, it was found to be beneficial to use high speed
when cutting this alloy.
Key words: wear resistant copper alloy, tool wear, roughness of machined
surfaces, chip clearance.
Practical Papers
The Development of a System to Measure and Evaluate Hand
Planed Surfaces.
Kunio
UEDA, Shigeru SAMUTA, & Ikunobu KADOBO
平かんなによる切削表面の計測・評価システムの構築
上田邦夫，佐無田茂，角保育伸
We have established five parameters for the purpose of evaluating surfaces
planed with a hand plane. Those parameters are: roughness, undulation,
twist, vertical inclination, and horizontal inclination. We have constructed
a system to measure and quantitatively evaluate these parameters using
a personal computer. Initially the measuring instrument was used to collect
data from planed surfaces. Following that the five parameters were calculated
by processing the data. Finally, the calculated values were compared against
standard values which were divided into three ranges using a normal distribution
curve. The distribution was composed of samples from a group of junior
high school students. This system allowed us to display the value for each
of the five parameters and a three dimensional figure of the planed surface
on the computer monitor. In addition, the evaluated results and a diagnostic
explanation were also displayed.
Key words : Woodworking, measuring instrument, method of measurement, hand
plane, personal computer.
The Development of a Method for Soldering Aluminum Alloys in the Industrial Arts/ Home Economics Metal Working Class
Tadashi YAMANA, Hiroaki ODAKA and Kan TSUJI
技術・家庭科金属加工学習で利用できるアルミニウム合金ろう付け法の開発
山名 忠，尾高広昭，辻 敢
ABSTRACT
Sn-Pb solders have not been used to solder aluminum alloys, because of
the tendency to form an oxide layer on the surface. In addition, commercially
sold solder for aluminum is expensive, and therefore, its use in practicing
metal working in industrial arts classes is limited. As alternatives we
added Cd and Zn into Sn-Pb solder and then attempted to solder aluminum
alloy. The addition of Cd did not produce sufficient joint strength. However,
the addition of Zn was effective. We soldered aluminum alloy using three
combinations of Sn-Pb solder with different percentages of Zn and compared
the joint strength. By adding a few percent Zn to the eutectic Sn-Pb solder
the adhesion properties were enhanced and it provided excellent soldering
workability. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of applying pressure
on the joint at the time that soldering occurs. With increased pressure,
the thickness of the solder layer is reduced and the ratio of the thickness
to the bonding area is increased. Hence the shear strength of the soldered
joint increases. Based on the results obtained in this study, a cheap and
easy method for soldering joints in Al alloys was developed for use in
junior high school metal processing classes.
Key words: metal working, Sn-Pb solders, soldering of Al alloys, strength
of soldered joints.
Technical Information
The Educational Effects of Introducing Computers as a Means of Studying into Wood Processing Classes
Hirotugu TAGUCHI and Yasuo OHSAKO
木材加工領域の学習指導へのコンピュータの導入による教育的効果
田口 浩継，大迫 靖雄
Abstract
In order to clearly identify the nurturing effect of self-education in
technology education we made a self-evaluation chart which primarily looked
at student's emotional aspect and attitudinal aspect. Using the chart we
looked into the nurturing effect of self-education ability by introducing
computers as a means of studying in the wood processing class. Specifically,
in wood processing classes we compared and analyzed the nurturing of each
aspect related to self-educational ability between the class in which computers
were introduced and the class in which computers were not introduced. Although
computers were introduced into the classes neither the learning effect
nor the knowledge aspect of self-teaching ability were observed. However,
we did observed some effects on items related to the emotional and attitudinal
aspects. In addition, regarding the development of self-education ability
it has become clear that learning through hands-on experiences was much
more effective than learning by lectures. Further, even in lecture-centered
learning, which resulted in low self-evaluation scores for self-education
ability, the introduction of computers tended to be effective in developing
the emotional and attitudinal aspects.
Key words: industrial arts education, self educational ability, Woodworking,
computer.
Research on the Usefulness of the Junior High School Industrial
Arts and Homemaking Subject Areas as Displayed During the Great Hanshin
and Awaji Earthquake Disaster.
Shigeki ANDO
阪神淡路大震災における有用な教科と技術・家庭科の内容に関する調査
安東茂樹
The researcher has investigated the effects of the extraordinary conditions
during and after the disastrous January 17, 1995 Great Hanshin and Awaji
Earthquake on junior high school students in Kobe. The research was conducted
during the period of May, 1995 to July, 1995. Data were collected using
questionnaires and interviews. The respondents were third-year junior high
school students from the five junior high schools located in the residential
areas that were severely damaged. The following points were brought out
by this research: 1) Public schools played a functionally important role
as refuges during the above-mentioned catastrophe. 2) It is necessary to
incorporate emergency training into the junior high school curriculum.
3) Industrial Arts and Homemaking were identified as a subjects that have
great usefulness when living under these extraordinary conditions. 4) Judging
from the experiences which students faced in the seismic disaster, it is
much more important for the Industrial Arts and Homemaking subject areas
to emphasize practical activities based on accurate theoretical learning.
Key words : the Great Hanshin and Awaji Earthquake, Kobe Earthquake, questionnaires,interviews,
Industrial Arts, Homemaking, practical activities.
Development of a Measuring Tool for Setting the Depth of
Cut on a Japanese Hand Plane.
Kazuyuki NAGATOMI, Katsuhiko YOSHIDA, Yoshiyasu NAKATSUKA, and Tomohiro
NONAKA
平かんなの刃先突出量測定教具の開発
永冨一之，吉田勝彦，中司義保，野中知博
In this study, we developed a measuring tool for setting the depth of cut
on a Japanese hand plane. This tool is a low-cost teaching device which
makes it fast and easy to measure the depth of cut. The measuring range
of this tool is 0.70 mm or less and its accuracy is +- 0.01 mm. The usability
of this tool as a teaching device was investigated after 20 minutes of
practice adjusting the depth of cut before practicing planing. The adjusted
value was compared with the target value (the amount of cut was 0.05 to
0.10 mm and the difference in the depth of cut between both sides of the
blade was less than 0.05 mm). This was done in class with university students
and with junior high school pupils. In conclusion, this measuring device
can be effectively used to evaluate the depth of cut and as a means of
practicing adjusting the blade.
Key words : Japanese hand plane, learning of wood planing, tool setting,
depth of cut, measuring tool for setting depth of cut.